(WO200840002) CLAIMS 1. A method for enhancing survivability of biological matter comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of enhanced survivability; and (ii) providing to the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof, wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 2. A method for preventing or reducing damage to biological matter comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of prevented or reduced damage; and (ii) providing to the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 3. A method for creating a preserved stock of organisms comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of preservation; and (ii) providing to the organism at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 4. A method for reversibly inhibiting metabolism in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of reversible metabolism inhibition; and; (ii) providing to the organism at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved, is achieved. 5. A method for inducing sleep in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of sleep; and; (ii) providing to the organism at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 6. A method for anesthetizing biological matter comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of anesthesia and; (ii) providing to the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) is achieved. 7. A method of protecting biological matter from an injury, the onset or progression of a disease, or death comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of protection from an injury, the onset or progression of a disease, or death; and (ii) providing to the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 8. A method of preventing an organism from bleeding to death comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of prevention from bleeding to death; and (ii) providing to the organism at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (J) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 9. A method for inducing stasis in biological matter comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in which stasis is desired; and (ii) providing to the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 10. A method of protecting biological matter from suffering cellular damage from a surgery comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of protection from suffering cellular damage from a surgery; and (ii) providing to the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of the mammal into pre-stasis or stasis is achieved prior to the surgery. 11. A method of protecting biological matter from suffering cellular damage from a disease or adverse medical condition comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of protection from suffering cellular damage from a disease or adverse medical condition; and (ii) providing to the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of the mammal into pre-stasis or stasis is achieved prior to the onset or progression of the disease or adverse medical condition. 12. A method for inducing apnea in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organsim in need of apnea induction and; (ii) providing to the organism at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (J) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 13. A method of reducing oxygen demand in biological matter comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of reduced oxygen; and (ii) contacting the biological matter with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 14. A method of delaying the effects of a trauma on biological matter comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of said delayed effects; and (ii) contacting the biological matter with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 15. A method for treating or preventing hemorrhagic shock in an organism comprising: (i) identifying organism in need of said treatment or prevention; and (ii) contacting the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (I dina /(e) compound of Formula (H); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 16. A method of inducing hibernation in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of induced hibernation; and (ii) contacting the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 17. A method of protecting an organism from radiation therapy or chemotherapy comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of said protection; and (ii) contacting the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 18. A method of treating a hyperproliferative disease in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of treatment; and (ii) contacting the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved.. 19. A method of inhibiting rejection of an organ transplant in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of an organ transplant; and (ii) providing the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 20. A method of treating an organism with hypothermia comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of treatment; (ii) contacting the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; and (ii) subjecting the organism to an environmental temperature above that of the organism; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 21. A method for inducing cardioplegia in an organism undergoing bypass surgery comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of cardioplegia; and (ii) providing the organism at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 22. A method of treating an organism with hyperthermia comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of treatment; and (ii) contacting the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 23. A method for preventing hematologic shock in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of said prevention; and (ii) providing the organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 24. A method for promoting wound healing in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism with a wound in need of healing; and (ii) providing the organism or wound at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 25. A method for preventing or treating neurodegeneration in an organism comprising: (i) identifying an organism in need of treatment; and (ii) providing the organism at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 26. A method for preserving biological matter comprising: (i) identifying biological matter in need of preservation; and (ii) providing the biological matter at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; wherein induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 27. A method for cryopreserving biological matter comprising: (i) first identifying biological matter in need of cryopreservation; (ii) second contacting the biological matter with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (a) compound of Formula (Ia); (b) compound of Formula (Ib); (c) compound of Formula (Ic); (d) compound of Formula (Id); (e) compound of Formula (II); (f) compound of Formula (III); (g) compound of Formula (V); (h) compound of Formula (VI); (i) compound of Formula (VII); (j) compound of Formula (VIII); (k) compound of Formula (IX); (1) compound of Formula (X); (m) compound of Formula (XI); or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof; for an effective amount of time for the biological matter to enter stasis; and (iii) then cryopreserving the biological matter; wherein stabilization of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) or induction of stasis or pre-stasis is achieved. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein cryopreserving the biological material comprises perfusing the biological matter with a cryoprotectant and lowering the temperature of the biological matter. 29. The method according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein the biological matter or organism is provided or contacted with the compound in an amount and for a time sufficient to cause the biological matter or organism to enter stasis. 30. The method according to any one of claims 1-27, wherein the biological matter or organism is provided or contacted with the compound in an amount and for a time sufficient to stabilize the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) in cells of the biological matter or organism. 31. The method according to any one of claims 1-29, further comprising incubating the biological matter or organism under hypoxic conditions. 32. The method according to any one of claims 1-29, further comprising incubating the biological matter or organism under anoxic conditions. 33. The method according to either claim 31 or 32, wherein the hypoxic or anoxic conditions would damage the biological matter or organism in the absence of the compound. 34. The method according to any one of claims 1-32, wherein the biological matter or organism is exposed to the compound. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the biological matter or organism is exposed to an amount of compound that reduces the rate or amount of CO2production by the biological matter or organism by at least about two-fold. 36. The method of claim 34, wherein the biological matter or organism is exposed to an amount of compound that reduces the rate or amount of oxygen consumption by the biological matter or organism by at least about two-fold. 37. The method of claim 34, wherein biological matter or organism is exposed to an amount of compound that decreases movement or motility by at least about 10%. 38. The method according to any one of claims 1-37, wherein the biological matter or organism is provided with a combination of compounds. 39. The method of claim 38, further comprising providing the biological matter or organism with at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (n) Formula (I); (o) Formula (IV); (p) carbon monoxide; (q) chalcogenide compound; (r) H2S or other sulfur containing compound; (s) protective metabolic agent; (t) oxygen antagonist; or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof. 40. The method according to any one of claims 1-39, wherein the biological matter or organism is provided with the compound before, during, or after an injury, the onset or progression of a disease, or hemorrhaging in the biological matter or organism. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the injury is from an external source. 42. The method of claim 40, wherein the compound is provided before the injury or before the onset or progression of the disease. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the compound is not provided during or after the injury or the onset or progression of the disease. 44. The method of claim 40, wherein the injury or disease is associated with a reduction in metabolism or temperature of the biological matter or organism. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the injury is a surgery. 46. The method of claim 40, wherein the compound is provided during the progression of the disease. 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the disease is thalassemia, sickle cell disease, or cystic fibrosis. 48. The method of claim 42, wherein the biological matter or organism is provided with the compound in an amount and for a time sufficient to reduce CO2evolution by at least 25%. 49. The method of claim 42, wherein the biological matter or organism is provided with the compound in an amount and for a time that protects the matter from damage or death resulting from the injury or the onset or progression of the disease. 50. The method of claim 42, wherein the biological matter is provided with the compound in an amount and for a time sufficient to increase the rate of entry of the matter into stasis following the injury or the onset or progression of the disease. 51. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological matter or organism is provided the compound by administration to the biological matter or organism intravenously, intradermally, intraarterially, intraperitoneally, intralesionally, intracranially, intraarticularly, intraprostaticaly, intrapleurally, intratracheally, intranasally, intrathecally, intravitreally, intravaginally, intrarectally, intratumorally, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, intraocularly, subcutaneously, subconjunctival, intravesicularlly, mucosally, intrapericardially, intraumbilically, intraocularally, orally, topically, locally, by inhalation, by injection, by infusion, by continuous infusion, by localized perfusion, via a catheter, via a lavage, or through catheterization, immersion, absorption, or adsorption. 52. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising exposing the biological matter to a controlled temperature and/or pressure environment. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the biological matter achieves a non- physiological core temperature. 54. The method of claim 53, wherein the biological matter is exposed to a controlled temperature environment that is less than about 2O0C. 55. The method of claim 52, wherein the biological matter is exposed to the controlled temperature environment prior to and/or concurrent with being provided with one or more compounds. 56. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein one or more compounds comprise a cationic structure capable of targeting the one or more compounds to mitochondria. 57. The method according to any one of claims 1-2, 4-25, or 29-56, wherein the biological matter or organism is to be preserved. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein the biological matter or organism is to be preserved for future consumption. 59. The method of claim 57, wherein the biological matter or organism is to be used for research purposes. 60. The method of claim 57, wherein the biological matter includes platelets. 61. The method of claim 57, wherein the biological matter is to be transplanted. 62. The method according to any one of claims 1-20 or 22-61, wherein cardioplegia is induced in the biological matter or organism. 63. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological matter or organism is at risk for hemorrhagic shock. 64. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising monitoring the biological matter or organism for toxicity from the compound. 65. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological matter or organism is hemorrhaging. 66. The method of claim 65, wherein the biological matter or organism goes into hemorrhagic shock. 67. The method according to any one of claims 7, 11, or 40-50, wherein the disease or adverse medical condition is selected from the group consisting of: hemorrhagic shock, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac arrest, neonatal hypoxia/ischemia, ischemic reperfusion injury, unstable angina, post- angioplasty, aneurysm, trauma, blood loss, an infectious disease, a hyperproliferative disease, a neurodegenerative disease, or an inflammatory disease. 68. The method of claim 14 or 67, wherein the trauma is surgery, stroke, heart attack, bone fracture, soft tissue damage, internal bleeding, organ damage, amputation, concussion, burns, and/or is caused by gunshot, a shrapnel wound, or a knife wound. 69. A method for stabilizing the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) in biological matter, the method comprising administering at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (n) Formula (I); (o) Formula (IV); (p) carbon monoxide; (q) chalcogenide compound; (r) H2S or other sulfur containing compound; (s) protective metabolic agent; (t) oxygen antagonist; or a salt, ester, or precursor thereof, wherein the compound inhibits hydroxylation of HIFα. 70. A method for stabilizing the alpha-subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) in biological matter, the method comprising administering at least one compound with a chemical formula selected from the following groups: (n) Formula (I); (o) Formula (IV); (p) carbon monoxide; (q) chalcogenide compound; (r) H2S or other sulfur containing compound; (s) protective metabolic agent; (t) oxygen antagonist; or a salt, es(...)
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