(US6908882) A method is provided of enhancing the herbicidal activity of a glyphosate herbicide, comprising adding to the glyphosate herbicide a mixture of a first surfactant and a second surfactant at a weight ratio of total surfactant to glyphosate of about 1:30 to about 2:1, wherein the first surfactant has a chemical structure comprising a cationic or protonatable amino group and a C<SUB>8-24 </SUB>linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, and the second surfactant has the formula <?in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="lead"?>R-CO-NR'-(CR'<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>n</SUB>-COOM<?in-line-formulae description="In-line Formulae" end="tail"?> where R is a C<SUB>7-23 </SUB>linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, n is 1 to 4, M is hydrogen or a cationic counterion, and R' groups are each independently hydrogen, C<SUB>1-4 </SUB>alkyl or a group -(CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>m</SUB>-COOM where m is 1 to 4 and M is as defined immediately above, with the proviso that no more than one R' group is such a group -(CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>m</SUB>-COOM; the weight ratio of the first to the second surfactant being about 1:10 to about 10:1. Also provided is a herbicidal composition prepared according to the above method. The first and second surfactants exhibit a synergistic interaction in enhancing herbicidal activity of the glyphosate herbicide.
(US6908882) 1. A method of enhancing herbicidal activity of a glyphosate herbicide, comprising adding to said glyphosate herbicide a first surfactant and a second surfactant at a weight ratio of total surfactant to form a composition consisting essentially of glyphosate, a first surfactant, and a second surfactant to glyphosate acid equivalent of about 1.30 to about 2:1, wherein said first surfactant has a chemical structure comprising a cationic or protonatable amino group and a C8-24 hydrocarbyl group, and said second surfactant has the chemical formula R -- CO -- NR' -- (CR'2)n -- COOM where R is a C7-23 hydrocarbyl group, n is 1 to 4, M is hydrogen or a cationic counterion, and R' groups are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl or a group -- (CH2)m -- COOM where m is 1 to 4 and M is as defined immediately above, with the proviso that no more than one R' group is such a group -- (CH2)m -- COOM and the weight ratio of said first surfactant to said second surfactant being about 1:10 to about 10:1. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first surfactant is selected from: a tertiary alkylamine and alkyletheramine; polyoxyethylene tertiary alkylamine and alkyletheramine; quaternary ammonium; pyridine; imidazoline; polyoxyethylene alkylamine and alkyletheramine oxide; an alkylbetaine; and alkyl diamine and a polyoxyethylene alkyl diamine. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said first surfactant is a tertiary alkylamine or alkyletheramine surfactant having the chemical formula where R1 is a C8-24 hydrocarbyl group, optionally interrupted by one or more ether linkages, and R2 and R3 are (a) independently C1-4 alkyl groups, or (b) polyoxyalkylene chains having in total 2 to about 100 C2-4 alkylene oxide units. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein R1 is a C12-18 hydrocarbyl group and R2 and R3 are polyoxyethylene chains having in total 2 to about 100 ethylene oxide units. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein, in the chemical formula for said second surfactant, the group R -- CO -- is a C12-18 linear acyl moiety derived from one or more fatty acids. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said second surfactant is an N -- (C12-18 linear acyl) derivative of an alpha -amino acid. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein said alpha -amino acid is selected from alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, sarcosine and valine. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein said alpha -amino acid is sarcosine. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein said first surfactant and said second surfactant are present in a weight ratio of about 1:5 to about 5:1. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of total surfactant to glyphosate acid equivalent is about 1:10 to about 1:1. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of total surfactant to glyphosate acid equivalent is about 1:6 to about 1:2. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the glyphosate herbicide is a water-soluble salt of glyphosate with a monovalent counterion. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, C1-16 organic ammonium and C1-16 organic sulfonium salts. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, dimethylammonium, monoethanolammonium, n-propylammonium, isopropylammonium and trimethylsulfonium salts. 15. A herbicidal composition consisting essentially of (a) a glyphosate herbicide; (b) a first surfactant having a chemical structure comprising a cationic or protonatable amino group and a C8-24 hydrocarbyl group,; and (c) a second surfactant having the chemical formula R -- CO -- NR' -- (CR'2)n -- COOM where R is a C7-23 hydrocarbyl group, n is 1 to 4, M is hydrogen or a cationic counterion, and R' groups are each independently hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl or a group -- (CH2)m -- COOM where m is 1 to 4 and M is as defined immediately above, with the proviso that no more than one R1 group is such a group -- (CH2)m -- COOM; the weight ratio of said first surfactant to said second surfactant being about 1:10 to about 10:1, and the weight ratio of total surfactant to glyphosate acid equivalent being about 1:30 to about 2:1. 16. The composition of claim 15 wherein said first surfactant is selected from: a tertiary alkylamine and alkyletheramine; polyoxyethylene tertiary alkylamine and alkyletheramine; quaternary ammonium; pyridine; imidazoline; polyoxyethylene alkylamine and alkyletheramine oxide; an alkylbetaine; and alkyl diamine and a polyoxyethylene alkyl diamine. 17. The composition of claim 15 wherein said first surfactant is a tertiary alkylamine or alkyletheramine surfactant having the chemical formula where R1 is a C8-24 hydrocarbyl group, optionally interrupted by one or more ether linkages, and R2 and R3 are (a) independently C1-4 alkyl groups, or (b) polyoxyalkylene chains having in total 2 to about 100 C2-4 alkylene oxide units. 18. The composition of claim 17 wherein R1 is a C12-18 hydrocarbyl group and R2 and R3 are polyoxyethylene chains having in total 2 to about 100 ethylene oxide units. 19. The composition of claim 15 wherein, in the chemical formula for said second surfactant, the group R -- CO -- is a C12-18 linear acyl moiety derived from one or more fatty acids. 20. The composition of claim 15 wherein said second surfactant is an N -- (C12-18 linear acyl) derivative of an alpha -amino acid. 21. The composition of claim 20 wherein said alpha -amino acid is selected from alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, sarcosine and valine. 22. The composition of claim 20 wherein said alpha -amino acid is sarcosine. 23. The composition of claim 15 wherein said first surfactant and said second surfactant are present in a weight ratio of about 1:5 to about 5:1. 24. The composition of claim 15 wherein the weight ratio of total surfactant to glyphosate acid equivalent is about 1:10 to about 1:1. 25. The composition of claim 15 wherein the weight ratio of total surfactant to glyphosate acid equivalent is about 1:6 to about 1:2. 26. The composition of claim 15 wherein the glyphosate herbicide is a water-soluble salt of glyphosate with a monovalent counterion. 27. The composition of claim 26 wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, C1-16 organic ammonium and C1-16 organic sulfonium salts. 28. The composition of claim 26 wherein the salt of glyphosate is selected from sodium, potassium, ammonium, dimethylammonium, monoethanolammonium, n-propylammonium, isopropylammonium and trimethylsulfonium salts. 29. The composition of claim 15 that is a dilute aqueous plant treatment composition having a glyphosate acid equivalent content of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight. 30. The composition of claim 15 that is an aqueous concentrate composition having a glyphosate acid equivalent content of about 10% to about 50% by weight. 31. The composition of claim 15 that is a dry water-soluble or water-dispersible composition having a glyphosate acid equivalent content of about 5% to about 80% by weight. 32. A method of killing or controlling weeds comprising application to foliage of said weeds a composition of claim 29 in a volume of about 25 to about 1000 l/ha.
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